Thu-10-07-2025 03:20
profe: Dario Martin Aza
status:
tags:
Recuerdo
f f f es medible si f − 1 { ( a , + ∞ ) } f^{-1}\{ (a,+\infty) \} f − 1 {( a , + ∞ )} es medible ∀ a ∈ R \forall a \in \mathbb{R} ∀ a ∈ R
f f f es integrable si es medible y ∫ R ∣ f ∣ d μ < ∞ \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}} |f| \, d\mu<\infty ∫ R ∣ f ∣ d μ < ∞
f f f es integrable en un subconjunto E ⊆ R E\subseteq \mathbb{R} E ⊆ R si f ⋅ X E f\cdot\mathcal{X}_{E} f ⋅ X E es integrable.
Teo (monótona): ( f n ) n ∈ N (f_{n})_{n\in \mathbb{N}} ( f n ) n ∈ N medibles, 0 ≤ f 1 ≤ f 2 ≤ ⋯ ≤ f n ≤ f n + 1 ≤ … 0\leq f_{1}\leq f_{2}\leq\dots\leq f_{n}\leq f_{n+1}\leq\dots 0 ≤ f 1 ≤ f 2 ≤ ⋯ ≤ f n ≤ f n + 1 ≤ …
f n → f c t p ⟹ f f_{n}\to f\:ctp\implies f f n → f c tp ⟹ f medible y ∫ f n d μ ⟶ ∫ f d μ \displaystyle \int_{} f_{n} \, d\mu\longrightarrow \int_{} f \, d\mu ∫ f n d μ ⟶ ∫ f d μ
Teo (dominada): ( f n ) n ∈ N (f_{n})_{n\in \mathbb{N}} ( f n ) n ∈ N medibles, f n → f c t p . f_{n}\to f\:ctp. f n → f c tp . Si ∃ φ \:\exists\:{\Large\varphi} ∃ φ integrable tal que ∣ f n ( x ) ∣ = φ ( x ) ∀ x ∈ R ∀ n ∈ N |f_{n}(x)|={\Large\varphi}(x)\quad\forall x \in \mathbb{R}\:\forall n\in \mathbb{N} ∣ f n ( x ) ∣ = φ ( x ) ∀ x ∈ R ∀ n ∈ N
⟹ f n , f son integrables y ∫ f n d μ ⟶ ∫ f d μ \implies f_{n},f\text{ son integrables y }\int_{} f_{n} \, d\mu \longrightarrow \int_{} f \, d\mu ⟹ f n , f son integrables y ∫ f n d μ ⟶ ∫ f d μ
Ejercicio 1
Sea ( a n ) n ∈ N (a_{n})_{n\in \mathbb{N}} ( a n ) n ∈ N una sucesión de conjuntos medibles A n ⊆ [ 0 , 1 ] A_{n}\subseteq[0,1] A n ⊆ [ 0 , 1 ] tales que A n + 1 ⊆ A n ∀ n ∈ N A_{n+1}\subseteq A_{n}\quad\forall n\in \mathbb{N} A n + 1 ⊆ A n ∀ n ∈ N . Sea f : [ 0 , 1 ] → R f:[0,1]\to \mathbb{R} f : [ 0 , 1 ] → R integrable tal que 0 ≤ f ( x ) < 1 c t p . 0\leq f(x)<1\:ctp. 0 ≤ f ( x ) < 1 c tp . Sean f n ( x ) = ( 1 + ( f ( x ) ) n ) ⋅ X A n ( x ) f_{n}(x)=(1+(f(x))^{n})\cdot\mathcal{X}_{A_{n}}(x) f n ( x ) = ( 1 + ( f ( x ) ) n ) ⋅ X A n ( x )
Probar que f n f_{n} f n son integrables ∀ n ∈ N \forall n\in \mathbb{N} ∀ n ∈ N y que lim n → ∞ ∫ 0 1 f n d μ = μ ( ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n ) \displaystyle \underset{ n\to \infty }{ \lim }\int_{0} ^{1}f_{n} \, d\mu=\mu\left( \bigcap_{n=1}^{\infty}A_{n} \right) n → ∞ lim ∫ 0 1 f n d μ = μ ( n = 1 ⋂ ∞ A n )
S o l : Sol: S o l :
Si x ∈ ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n x \in \displaystyle \bigcap_{n=1}^{\infty}A_{n} x ∈ n = 1 ⋂ ∞ A n , entonces
f n ( x ) = ( 1 + ( f ( x ) n ) ) ⋅ X A n ( x ) ⏟ = 1 ⟶ 1 si 0 ≤ f ( x ) < 1 (lo cual vale en ctp) f_{n}(x)=(1+(f(x)^{n} ))\cdot\underbrace{ \mathcal{X}_{A_{n}} (x) }_{ =1 }\longrightarrow 1\text{ si } 0\leq f(x)<1\text{ (lo cual vale en ctp)} f n ( x ) = ( 1 + ( f ( x ) n )) ⋅ = 1 X A n ( x ) ⟶ 1 si 0 ≤ f ( x ) < 1 (lo cual vale en ctp)
Entonces hay un conjunto E E E con μ ( E ) = 0 \mu(E)=0 μ ( E ) = 0 tal que si x ∈ ⋂ A n ∖ E x \in \displaystyle\bigcap A_{n} \setminus E x ∈ ⋂ A n ∖ E (vale f n ( x ) ⟶ 1 f_{n}(x)\longrightarrow 1 f n ( x ) ⟶ 1 )
Por otro lado, si x ∉ ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n , ∃ A k x \not\in \displaystyle \bigcap_{n=1}^{\infty}A_{n},\:\exists\:A_{k} x ∈ n = 1 ⋂ ∞ A n , ∃ A k con x ∈ A k ⟹ x ∉ A j ∀ j ≥ k x \in A_{k}\implies x \not\in A_{j}\quad\forall j\geq k x ∈ A k ⟹ x ∈ A j ∀ j ≥ k . Por lo cual f n ( x ) = 0 ∀ n ≥ k ⟹ f n ( x ) ⟶ 0 f_{n}(x)=0\quad\forall n\geq k\implies f_{n}(x)\longrightarrow 0 f n ( x ) = 0 ∀ n ≥ k ⟹ f n ( x ) ⟶ 0
Esto prueba que f n ( x ) ⟶ X ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n f_{n}(x)\longrightarrow\mathcal{X}_{\bigcap_{n=1}^{\infty}A_{n}} f n ( x ) ⟶ X ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n ctp. Queremos usar el teorema de dominadas.
Obs: f n f_{n} f n son medibles ∀ n \forall n ∀ n por producto de medibles.
Sea
φ ( x ) = 2 ⋅ X [ 0 , 1 ] = { 2 en [ 0 , 1 ] 0 en R ∖ [ 0 , 1 ] ⟹ φ es integrable {\Large\varphi}(x)=2\cdot\mathcal{X}_{[0,1]} =\begin{cases}
2 & \text{en }[0,1] \\
0 & \text{en } \mathbb{R}\setminus[0,1]
\end{cases}\implies {\Large\varphi}\text{ es integrable} φ ( x ) = 2 ⋅ X [ 0 , 1 ] = { 2 0 en [ 0 , 1 ] en R ∖ [ 0 , 1 ] ⟹ φ es integrable
Como φ ( x ) ≥ ∣ f n ( x ) ∣ {\Large\varphi}(x)\geq |f_{n}(x)| φ ( x ) ≥ ∣ f n ( x ) ∣
Pues ∣ f n ( x ) ∣ ≤ ∣ 1 + ( f ( x ) ) n ∣ ≤ 1 + ∣ ( f ( x ) ) ∣ n ≤ 1 + 1 = 2 c t p |f_{n}(x)|\leq |1+(f(x))^{n}|\leq{1}+|(f(x))|^{n}\leq1+1=2\quad ctp ∣ f n ( x ) ∣ ≤ ∣1 + ( f ( x ) ) n ∣ ≤ 1 + ∣ ( f ( x )) ∣ n ≤ 1 + 1 = 2 c tp , no acota ∀ x , \forall x, ∀ x , pero vale igual.
Entonces por el teorema de convergencia dominada los f n f_{n} f n son todos integrables y ∫ f n d μ ⟶ ∫ X ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n d μ = μ ( ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n ) \displaystyle \int_{} f_{n} \, d\mu\longrightarrow \int_{} \mathcal{X}_{\bigcap_{n=1}^{\infty}A_{n}} \, d\mu=\mu\left( \bigcap_{n=1}^{\infty}A_{n} \right) ∫ f n d μ ⟶ ∫ X ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n d μ = μ ( n = 1 ⋂ ∞ A n )
Ejercicio 1
Sea ( A n ) n ∈ N (A_{n})_{n\in \mathbb{N}} ( A n ) n ∈ N una sucesión de conjuntos medibles A n ⊆ [ 0 , 1 ] A_{n} \subseteq [0,1] A n ⊆ [ 0 , 1 ] tal que A n + 1 ⊆ A n ∀ n ∈ N A_{n+1} \subseteq A_{n} \quad \forall n\in \mathbb{N} A n + 1 ⊆ A n ∀ n ∈ N . Sea f : [ 0 , 1 ] → R f:[0,1]\to \mathbb{R} f : [ 0 , 1 ] → R integrable tal que 0 ≤ f ( x ) < 1 0 \leq f(x) < 1 0 ≤ f ( x ) < 1 c.t.p. Definimos la sucesión de funciones:
f n ( x ) = ( 1 + ( f ( x ) ) n ) ⋅ X A n ( x ) f_{n}(x) = (1 + (f(x))^n)\cdot \mathcal{X}_{A_n}(x) f n ( x ) = ( 1 + ( f ( x ) ) n ) ⋅ X A n ( x )
Probar que f n f_n f n es integrable ∀ n ∈ N \forall n\in \mathbb{N} ∀ n ∈ N y que
lim n → ∞ ∫ 0 1 f n d μ = μ ( ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n ) \lim_{n\to\infty} \int_{0}^{1} f_n \, d\mu = \mu\left( \bigcap_{n=1}^{\infty} A_n \right) n → ∞ lim ∫ 0 1 f n d μ = μ ( n = 1 ⋂ ∞ A n )
Solución
Si x ∈ ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n x \in \bigcap_{n=1}^{\infty} A_n x ∈ ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n , entonces:
f n ( x ) = ( 1 + ( f ( x ) ) n ) ⋅ X A n ( x ) ⏟ = 1 → 1 pues 0 ≤ f ( x ) < 1 f_n(x) = (1 + (f(x))^n)\cdot \underbrace{\mathcal{X}_{A_n}(x)}_{=1} \to 1 \quad \text{pues } 0 \leq f(x) < 1 f n ( x ) = ( 1 + ( f ( x ) ) n ) ⋅ = 1 X A n ( x ) → 1 pues 0 ≤ f ( x ) < 1
Como f ( x ) < 1 f(x) < 1 f ( x ) < 1 c.t.p., existe un conjunto E E E con μ ( E ) = 0 \mu(E) = 0 μ ( E ) = 0 tal que si x ∈ ⋂ A n ∖ E x \in \bigcap A_n \setminus E x ∈ ⋂ A n ∖ E , se tiene f n ( x ) → 1 f_n(x) \to 1 f n ( x ) → 1 .
Por otro lado, si x ∉ ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n x \notin \bigcap_{n=1}^{\infty} A_n x ∈ / ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n , entonces ∃ k ∈ N \exists k \in \mathbb{N} ∃ k ∈ N tal que x ∉ A k x \notin A_k x ∈ / A k . Como A n + 1 ⊆ A n A_{n+1} \subseteq A_n A n + 1 ⊆ A n , se tiene que x ∉ A n ∀ n ≥ k x \notin A_n \quad \forall n \geq k x ∈ / A n ∀ n ≥ k , y por lo tanto:
f n ( x ) = 0 ∀ n ≥ k ⇒ f n ( x ) → 0 f_n(x) = 0 \quad \forall n \geq k \Rightarrow f_n(x) \to 0 f n ( x ) = 0 ∀ n ≥ k ⇒ f n ( x ) → 0
Por lo tanto, f n ( x ) → X ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n ( x ) f_n(x) \to \mathcal{X}_{\bigcap_{n=1}^{\infty} A_n}(x) f n ( x ) → X ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n ( x ) c.t.p.
Teorema aplicado: Convergencia Dominada de Lebesgue
Queremos usar el teorema de convergencia dominada. Notamos que f n f_n f n es medible ∀ n \forall n ∀ n , ya que es producto de funciones medibles.
Buscamos una función integrable que domine a todas las f n f_n f n . Sea:
φ ( x ) = 2 ⋅ X [ 0 , 1 ] ( x ) = { 2 si x ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] 0 si x ∉ [ 0 , 1 ] \varphi(x) = 2\cdot \mathcal{X}_{[0,1]}(x) = \begin{cases}
2 & \text{si } x \in [0,1] \\
0 & \text{si } x \notin [0,1]
\end{cases} φ ( x ) = 2 ⋅ X [ 0 , 1 ] ( x ) = { 2 0 si x ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] si x ∈ / [ 0 , 1 ]
La función φ \varphi φ es integrable, ya que:
∫ φ d μ = ∫ [ 0 , 1 ] 2 d μ = 2 ⋅ μ ( [ 0 , 1 ] ) = 2 \int \varphi \, d\mu = \int_{[0,1]} 2 \, d\mu = 2\cdot\mu([0,1]) = 2 ∫ φ d μ = ∫ [ 0 , 1 ] 2 d μ = 2 ⋅ μ ([ 0 , 1 ]) = 2
Además, para todo x ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] x \in [0,1] x ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] :
∣ f n ( x ) ∣ ≤ 1 + ∣ f ( x ) ∣ n ≤ 1 + 1 = 2 |f_n(x)| \leq 1 + |f(x)|^n \leq 1 + 1 = 2 ∣ f n ( x ) ∣ ≤ 1 + ∣ f ( x ) ∣ n ≤ 1 + 1 = 2
y para x ∉ [ 0 , 1 ] x \notin [0,1] x ∈ / [ 0 , 1 ] , f n ( x ) = 0 f_n(x) = 0 f n ( x ) = 0 . Por lo tanto, ∣ f n ( x ) ∣ ≤ φ ( x ) |f_n(x)| \leq \varphi(x) ∣ f n ( x ) ∣ ≤ φ ( x ) c.t.p.
Aplicando el teorema de convergencia dominada:
∫ f n d μ ⟶ ∫ X ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n d μ = μ ( ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n ) \int f_n \, d\mu \longrightarrow \int \mathcal{X}_{\bigcap_{n=1}^{\infty} A_n} \, d\mu = \mu\left( \bigcap_{n=1}^{\infty} A_n \right) ∫ f n d μ ⟶ ∫ X ⋂ n = 1 ∞ A n d μ = μ ( n = 1 ⋂ ∞ A n )
Ejercicio 2
Calcular lim n → ∞ ∫ 0 1 n ⋅ s e n ( x n ) x ⋅ ( x 2 + 1 ) d x \text{Calcular } \underset{ n\to \infty }{ \lim } \int_{0}^{1} \frac{n\cdot sen\left( \frac{x}{n} \right)}{x\cdot(x^{2}+1)} \, dx Calcular n → ∞ lim ∫ 0 1 x ⋅ ( x 2 + 1 ) n ⋅ se n ( n x ) d x
S o l : Sol: S o l :
Sea f n ( x ) = n ⋅ s e n ( x n ) x ⋅ ( x 2 + 1 ) f_{n}(x)=\frac{n\cdot sen\left( \frac{x}{n} \right)}{x\cdot(x^{2}+1)} f n ( x ) = x ⋅ ( x 2 + 1 ) n ⋅ se n ( n x ) con f n : [ 0 , 1 ] → R f_{n}:[0,1]\to \mathbb{R} f n : [ 0 , 1 ] → R
Busquemos
lim n → ∞ f n ( x ) = lim n → ∞ n ⋅ s e n ( x n ) x ⋅ ( x 2 + 1 ) = lim n → ∞ s e n ( x n ) x n ⋅ ( x 2 + 1 ) = 1 x 2 + 1 \underset{ n\to \infty }{ \lim } f_{n}(x)=\underset{ n\to \infty }{ \lim } \frac{n\cdot sen\left( \frac{x}{n} \right)}{x\cdot(x^{2}+1)}=\underset{ n\to \infty }{ \lim } \frac{sen\left( \frac{x}{n} \right)}{\frac{x}{n}\cdot(x^{2}+1)}=\frac{1}{x^{2}+1} n → ∞ lim f n ( x ) = n → ∞ lim x ⋅ ( x 2 + 1 ) n ⋅ se n ( n x ) = n → ∞ lim n x ⋅ ( x 2 + 1 ) se n ( n x ) = x 2 + 1 1
(fuera de x = 0 x=0 x = 0 , osea ctp )
f n f_{n} f n es continua ∀ n ∈ N ⟹ f n \forall n\in \mathbb{N}\implies f_{n} ∀ n ∈ N ⟹ f n es medible ∀ n ∈ N \forall n\in \mathbb{N} ∀ n ∈ N
∣ f n ( x ) ∣ = n ⋅ ∣ s e n ( x n ) ∣ x ⋅ ( x 2 + 1 ) ≤ n ⋅ x n x ⋅ ( x 2 + 1 ) = 1 x 2 + 1 ∀ n ∈ N , ∀ x ∈ ( 0 , 1 ] |f_{n}(x)|=\frac{n\cdot |sen\left( \frac{x}{n} \right)|}{x\cdot(x^{2}+1)}\leq \frac{n\cdot \frac{x}{n}}{x\cdot(x^{2}+1)}=\frac{1}{x^{2}+1}\quad \forall n\in \mathbb{N},\forall x \in(0,1] ∣ f n ( x ) ∣ = x ⋅ ( x 2 + 1 ) n ⋅ ∣ se n ( n x ) ∣ ≤ x ⋅ ( x 2 + 1 ) n ⋅ n x = x 2 + 1 1 ∀ n ∈ N , ∀ x ∈ ( 0 , 1 ]
⟹ 1 1 + x 2 \implies \frac{1}{1+x^{2}} ⟹ 1 + x 2 1 es integrable, podemos usar el teorema de convergencia dominada.
⟹ lim n → ∞ ∫ 0 1 n ⋅ s e n ( x n ) x ⋅ ( x 2 + 1 ) d x = ∫ 0 1 1 1 + x 2 d x = t g − 1 ( 1 ) − t g − 1 ( 0 ) = π 4 − 0 = π 4 \implies \underset{ n\to \infty }{ \lim } \int_{0}^{1} \frac{n\cdot sen\left( \frac{x}{n} \right)}{x\cdot(x^{2}+1)} \, dx =\int_{0}^{1} \frac{1}{1+x^{2}} \, dx =tg ^{-1}(1)- tg ^{-1}(0)= \frac{\pi}{4}-0=\frac{\pi}{4} ⟹ n → ∞ lim ∫ 0 1 x ⋅ ( x 2 + 1 ) n ⋅ se n ( n x ) d x = ∫ 0 1 1 + x 2 1 d x = t g − 1 ( 1 ) − t g − 1 ( 0 ) = 4 π − 0 = 4 π
Ejercicio 3
Calcular lim n → ∞ ∫ 0 + ∞ n 3 2 ⋅ x 2 n 3 2 + n 2 ⋅ x 4 d x \text{Calcular }\underset{ n\to \infty }{ \lim } \int_{0}^{+\infty} \frac{n^{\frac{3}{2}}\cdot x^{2} }{n^{\frac{3}{2}} +n^{2}\cdot x^{4} } \, dx Calcular n → ∞ lim ∫ 0 + ∞ n 2 3 + n 2 ⋅ x 4 n 2 3 ⋅ x 2 d x
Sea f n ( x ) = n 3 2 ⋅ x 2 n 3 2 + n 2 ⋅ x 4 ⟶ n → ∞ 0 f_{n}(x)= \displaystyle \frac{n^{\frac{3}{2}}\cdot x^{2} }{n^{\frac{3}{2}} +n^{2}\cdot x^{4} }\underset{ n\to \infty }{ \longrightarrow } 0 f n ( x ) = n 2 3 + n 2 ⋅ x 4 n 2 3 ⋅ x 2 n → ∞ ⟶ 0 (puntualmente)
∣ f n ( x ) ∣ = f n ( x ) = n 3 2 ⋅ x 2 n 3 2 + n 2 ⋅ x 4 ≤ ( 1 ) n 3 2 ⋅ x 2 n 2 ⋅ x 4 = 1 n ⋅ x 2 ≤ 1 x 2 = φ ( x ) |f_{n}(x)|=f_{n}(x)=\frac{n^{\frac{3}{2}}\cdot x^{2} }{n^{\frac{3}{2}} +n^{2}\cdot x^{4} }\underset{ (1) }{ \leq } \frac{n^{\frac{3}{2}}\cdot x^{2} }{n^{2}\cdot x^{4} }=\frac{1}{\sqrt{ n }\cdot x^{2}}\leq \frac{1}{x^{2}}={\Large\varphi}(x) ∣ f n ( x ) ∣ = f n ( x ) = n 2 3 + n 2 ⋅ x 4 n 2 3 ⋅ x 2 ( 1 ) ≤ n 2 ⋅ x 4 n 2 3 ⋅ x 2 = n ⋅ x 2 1 ≤ x 2 1 = φ ( x )
(1) : n 3 2 + n 2 x 4 ≥ n 2 x 4 n^{\frac{3}{2}}+n^{2}x^{4}\geq n^{2}x^{4} n 2 3 + n 2 x 4 ≥ n 2 x 4
φ {\Large\varphi} φ es integrable?
∫ 0 + ∞ x − 2 d x = ( − x − 1 ) ∣ 0 + ∞ = lim p → + ∞ , q → 0 1 q − 1 p = + ∞ \int_{0}^{+\infty} x^{-2} \, dx=\left.(-x ^{-1})\right|_{0}^{+\infty} =\underset{ p\to ^{+} \infty,q\to 0 }{ \lim }\frac{1}{q}-\frac{1}{p}=+\infty ∫ 0 + ∞ x − 2 d x = ( − x − 1 ) 0 + ∞ = p → + ∞ , q → 0 lim q 1 − p 1 = + ∞
⟹ φ \implies {\Large\varphi} ⟹ φ no es integrable.
f n ( x ) = n 3 2 ⋅ x 2 n 3 2 + n 2 ⋅ x 4 ≤ n 3 2 x 2 n 3 2 = x 2 f_{n}(x)=\frac{n^{\frac{3}{2}}\cdot x^{2} }{n^{\frac{3}{2}} +n^{2}\cdot x^{4} }\leq \frac{n^{\frac{3}{2}} x^{2}}{n^{\frac{3}{2}} }=x^{2} f n ( x ) = n 2 3 + n 2 ⋅ x 4 n 2 3 ⋅ x 2 ≤ n 2 3 n 2 3 x 2 = x 2
Sea φ ( x ) = { x 2 x ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] x − 2 x ∈ ( 1 , + ∞ ) \text{Sea }{\Large\varphi}(x)=\begin{cases}
x^{2} & x \in[0,1] \\
x^{-2} & x \in(1,+\infty)
\end{cases} Sea φ ( x ) = { x 2 x − 2 x ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] x ∈ ( 1 , + ∞ )
φ ( x ) = x 2 ⋅ X [ 0 , 1 ] + x − 2 ⋅ X ( 1 , + ∞ ) {\Large\varphi}(x)=x^{2}\cdot\mathcal{X}_{[0,1]} +x^{-2} \cdot\mathcal{X}_{(1,+\infty)} φ ( x ) = x 2 ⋅ X [ 0 , 1 ] + x − 2 ⋅ X ( 1 , + ∞ )
⟹ φ \implies {\Large\varphi} ⟹ φ es medible (e integrable, queda de ejercicio)
Tenemos que φ {\Large\varphi} φ es integrable y f n ( x ) f_{n}(x) f n ( x ) es medible ∀ n \forall n ∀ n porque es continua. Entonces (dominada)
Luego lim n → ∞ ∫ 0 + ∞ n 3 2 ⋅ x 2 n 3 2 + n 2 ⋅ x 4 d x = ∫ 0 + ∞ φ ( x ) d x = ∫ 0 1 x 2 d x + ∫ 1 + ∞ x − 2 d x = 0 \text{Luego }\underset{ n\to \infty }{ \lim } \int_{0}^{+\infty} \frac{n^{\frac{3}{2}}\cdot x^{2} }{n^{\frac{3}{2}} +n^{2}\cdot x^{4} } \, dx =\int_{0}^{+\infty} {\Large\varphi}(x) \, dx =\int_{0}^{1} x^{2} \, dx +\int_{1}^{+\infty} x^{-2} \, dx =0 Luego n → ∞ lim ∫ 0 + ∞ n 2 3 + n 2 ⋅ x 4 n 2 3 ⋅ x 2 d x = ∫ 0 + ∞ φ ( x ) d x = ∫ 0 1 x 2 d x + ∫ 1 + ∞ x − 2 d x = 0
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